在英语句子中,不定式to do,分词v+ing 和v+ed 以及动名词v+ing 是非谓语动词,除不能作谓语外,其他成份都可担当,其中一个成份就是作定语。
不定式to do在句中作定语置于被修饰名词后,常同该名词构成动宾关系,要是不定式是不及物动词,其后应加上必要的介词。例: I have something to say.
有些名词常接不定式作定语,如:chance ,time ,reason ,way ,effort ,right , movement等,例: You haven’t any reason to leave me. You have no right to do such a thing.
The first ,the last ,the second ,the best 等常与不定式连用作定语。例: He is always the first to come. She would be the last to agree to our plan.
当to go ,to spare 作“剩下”讲时可作定语。例: He had five minutes to go before time was up. They had only 100 dollars to spare.
不定式用在某些句子中作定语相当于一个定语从句,表示动作即将发生。例: There are many difficulties to overcome. = There are many difficulties that will have to be overcome.
现在分词与过去分词作定语
现在分词和过去分词在句中都可以作定语,但在语态和时间概念上有区别,在语态上,现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动,在时间上,现在分词表示动作正在进行,而过去分词则表示动作完成。例:
boiling water boiled water
有时过去分词则表示被动,不表示完成的动作,有时则表示动作的完成,不表示被动的动作。例: the fallen leaves developed countries an interested party
单个分词作定语置于被修饰词前。例: China is a developing country.
He lit a fire and from it took a burning stick. America is a developed country.
有些单个分词(尤其是现在分词)作定语时也可以置于被修饰词之后,特别如一些不定代词 anything ,something ,everything ,nothing 等则应后置。例: the experience gained for the time being for years running
分词短语置于被修饰词之后
The pen lying on the table belongs to you. The boy making faces is my son.
I like songs performed by Mao Aming.
其实作定语的分词短语可以扩展为定语从句。如上述三句可改为: The pen which is lying on the table belongs to you. The boy who is making faces is my son.
I like songs which was performed by Mao Aming.
现在分词作后置定语表示一个(现在或将来)正在进行的动作,或者表示某经常性动作或状态。例:
Can you see the star moving in the sky? There is a piano standing in the corner.
如果分词所表示的动作在时间上同谓语动词所表示的动作不一致,不能使用现在分词,而应使用定语从句。例: I want to know the man breaking the window. Break 的动作是先发生,上例不能用现在分词,应改为定语从句。如:„.who broke the window. Do you know anyone having lost money. Do you know anyone who lost money.
因此我们就知道在那种情况下定语从句可以用现在分词代替,即:定语从句动词所表示的时间同主句谓语动词的时间一致时。例: Did you see the man talking to the headmaster?
过去分词在时间上,表示的动作发生在谓语动词之间,表示与句中谓语动词相应的经常性动作;或表示一个正在进行的动作,用being +过去分词结构。例: Is this the book written by Henry James?
He was then a teacher respected by all his students. The matter being discussed is of great importance. He was invited to a meeting to be held the next day.
动名词作定语
动名词单个词作定语时也置于被修饰词前,表示被修饰词的用途、类属等。例 ; a writing table = a table for writing
a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping (现在分词) a swimming pool = a pool for swimming (动名词) a waiting room = a room for waiting (动名词) drinking water = water for drinking (动名词) No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. (动名词) That is a shop dealing in walking stick. (动名词) The sleeping child was in a sound sleep. (现在分词) All bedrooms in this hotel have hot cold running water.
从上述看,单个动名词和现在分词都可以作前置定语,但现在分词和被修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系,表示被修饰名词自身发生的动作或行为,而动名词和被修饰的名词不表示这种关系,只表示与被修饰名词的用途、类属等。 动名词作介词宾语构成的介词短语可定语。例: He is in the habit of rising early.
She has a good idea of playing snowball.
有些名词有时也可接不定式和其接“介词+动名词”在意义上没有区别。例: That is the way of setting the problem. That is the way to settle the problem. 这类名词常用的有: time for doing sth. Reason of doing sth. Time to do sth. Opportunity of doing sth. Choice to do sth. Opportunity to do sth.
非谓语动词作定语、状语的句子
The glass broken by my brother belongs to me.不定式作定语.非谓语动词作定语现在分词作定语.过去分词作定语.不定式作目的状语:I pat it to show my love.现在分词作伴随状语:The boycrying is my friend:He came in, smiling:The decision that the sports meeting to be held tomorrow has been cancled非谓语做状语过去分词作原因状语:Driven by curiosity, I went in the room.过去分词作条件状语:Unlessinvited to speak, you'd better keep silent.现在分词作时间状语:Whendoing homework,don't sing songs
请问.动词
They built a highway leading to the mountains.The song-words, usually dealing with the life of the students, were written by himself.Who is the man standing by the door?I know the student dancing with Mary.The girl singing in the next room is Calina.
有定语的英语 h2>
关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。
例如: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。
例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
(which / that在句中作宾语) The package you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
(which / that在句中作宾语) 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。
例如: There are occasions when one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。
例如: His father died the year he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
限制性和非限制性定语从句 1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
例如: This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
(限制性) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。
(非限制性)2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
例如: Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
例如: He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
有主语谓语宾语定语状语的句子
主语.谓语.表语.宾语.宾语补足语.定语.状语是英语句子成分、顺序一般是主语,谓语.宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词.代词.数词.动名词.动词不定式等充当。
He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
(在这句中“He”为代词,充当句子主语) 2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征.行为。
一般可分为两类: 1)简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
We study for the people.我们为人民学习。
2)复合谓语:情态动词+不定式 I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。
3、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,动名词,数词,动词不定式等。
We like English.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
简称双宾语 He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
如: We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。
4、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。
形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。
He is a new student.他是个新生。
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。
The bike in the room is mine.房间里的自行车是我的。
5、状语修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。
用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。
状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。
副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
He lives in London.他住在伦敦。
He plays footboll on the playground.他在操场上踢足球。
6、补语 补充说明宾语,用形容词,名词,动词不定式充当 He asked me to help him.他让我帮助他。
He often make us happy.他经常使我们快乐。
7、表语表语是谓语的一部分,它位于连系动词如be之后,(主语+连系动词+表语)说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。
它又叫作主语补足语。
表语位于系动词之后,主要由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、分词(短语)或动名词(短语)等来充当。
主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语由动词来承担。
宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
动词ing形式作定语(前置,后置),状语(时间,原因,伴随状况)...
1)前置定语 He is a promising young man. 他是一个有前途的年轻人。
Make less noise. There's a sleeping child. 不要出太大声音,有个孩子在睡觉。
2)后置定语 The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. 坐在约翰和玛丽之间的那个年轻小伙子是校园报的编辑。
The bridge built last month needs repairing. 上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。
表示时间 Don't talk while having dinner. 吃饭时不要说话。
When crossing the street, do be careful. 过马路时要小心表示原因 表示原因的分词短语一般置于句首。
Having lived in London for years, I almost know every place quite well. 在伦敦住过多年,我几乎对每个地方都很熟伴随状况The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable. 大火持续了近一个月,几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。
Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular sport. 80多个国家都踢足球,因此足球成了一种很流行的运动。
什么词做定语
你是说英语还是汉语,或者是其它什么语言。
我这里给你汉语和英语的定语。
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。
主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。
汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。
在汉语中,中心语与定语二者之间有的需要用结构助词“的”,有的不需要,有的可要可不要。
“的”是定语的标志。
英语中的定语 The little boy needs a blue pen./小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语: His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Tom's there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
介词短语作定语: The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom./穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。
名词作定语: The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语: The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。
不定式作定语: The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
There is nothing to do today./今天没有事要做。
分词(短语)作定语: The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。
定语从句: The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
定语的位置一般有两种:用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语,用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
1)定语前置 在英语里,一般定语前置时的次序为:限定词,形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语。
但当几个形容词同时出现在名词短语之前,我们要注意其次序。
其形容词遵循的词序为:限观形龄色国材,指:限定词(一般指数量);外观(美丽等);形状(大小,高矮,肥瘦);年龄;颜色;国籍;材料;用途。
如: 1限定词 2 外观 3形状 4年龄 5颜色 6国籍 7材料 8用途 A famous American university. An interesting little red French oil painting. A new plastic bucket. A purple velvet curtains An elegant German clock 另外,有些形容词也有特殊的次序: (1) 描述身体特征的形容词先于表示情感和性格特征的形容词 例如:a small lovely girl , a long patient queue , a pale anxious patient ; 表示颜色的形容词放在表示情感和性格特征的形容词之后 例如:a kindly black teacher ,an inquisitive brown dog ; little ,old 和young 有时可以作为名词短语不可分割的一部分,所以可以直接放在名词之前, 例如:a lovely little girl 表示性格特征的形容词可以放在old young 之前,也可放在old young 之后,例如: a young ambitious man (强调年龄) ,an ambitious young man(强调雄心勃勃) 。
当然,三个以上形容词连用作定语,就显得累赘,因此上面所说的情况一般较少出现. 2)定语后置 (1)短语作定语一般后置 It was a conference fruitful of results. 那是一个硕果累累的会议。
He gave me a basket full of eggs. 他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。
English is a language easy to learn but difficult to master. 英语是一门容易学但是难精通的语言。
The boys hardest to teach are all in his class.最难教的男生都在他的班里了。
(2)修饰some,any,no,every等词构成的不定代词的定语都后置 Let's go somewhere quiet. 咱们去找个安静一点的地方吧。
There is nothing important in today's newspaper. 今天报纸上没有什么重要的东西。
Do you have anything more to say? 你还有什么话要说吗? (3)副词作定语 The people here are very friendly. 这里的人很友好。
They lived in the room above.他们住在楼上的房间。
(4)动词、名词转化而来的以-able,-ible 结尾的形容词作定语 He is a person dependable. 他是一个可以依靠的人 This is the only transportation means available. 这是唯一可行的交通工具。
(5)起强调用的...
关于一个不定式做定语的句子!
硕鼠》:“三岁贯汝,莫我肯顾。
”“莫我肯顾”应理解成“莫肯顾我”。
忌不自信《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》〈战国策〉 然而不王者,未之有也。
《寡人之于国也》〈孟子〉 句读之不知,惑之不解,或师焉,或不(否)焉。
(之,宾语提前的标志) 《师说》 古之人不余欺也! 《石钟山记》苏轼 不吾知其亦已兮,苟(只要)余情其信芳(美好)。
《离骚》屈原 东望愁泣,若不自胜。
《柳毅传》李朝威 见大王爱女牧羊于野,所(代词,“之人”)不忍视。
《柳毅传》李朝威 是以后世无传焉,臣未之闻也。
《齐桓晋文之事》〈孟子〉 保民而王,莫之能御也。
《齐桓晋文之事》〈孟子〉 而良人未之知也。
《齐人有一妻一妾》〈孟子〉
动词作定语的规则
过去分词做定语spoken English英语口语 written exercises笔头练习 polluted rivers被污染的河流 lighted candle点燃着的蜡烛,This is a factory built in 1999.这是1999年建的一家工厂。
注意:下列情况不能使用过去分词做定语。
▲联系动词be等的过去分词不能做定语。
Those who are ill don't go to see the film.▲不及物动词的过去分词不能做定语. The man who died in the accident yesterday was a robber.▲少数不及物动词的过去分词如fallen,boiled等可作前置定语:fallen leaves(落叶),boiled water(开过的水).;arrive, return等不及物动词的过去分词前有副词修饰时,可作后置定语: The train just now arrived in Beijing is from Hong Kong.-ing形式做定语▲-ing形式做定语,可表示被修饰语的用途,也可表示被修饰语的特征。
reading room阅览室 swimming pool游泳池 printing shop印刷厂 an interesting story有趣的故事。
▲连系动词be等或状态动词的-ing形式不能做定语。
例:那些生病的人不要去看电影。
【误】Those being ill don't go to see the film.